Significant BP lowering having extra amounts out of potassium throughout the diversity out-of 1900 so you’re able to 4700 mg/d (49–122 mmol/d) has been reported to effect a result of BP decrease in whenever dos in order to six mm hg for diastolic BP and you may two to four mm hg to have systolic BP. the fresh higher variability between overall performance reflects the newest variability seen in different education. in addition, the effect off potassium to the BP was determined by pretreatment BP level; age; race; sex; comorbid requirements; intake of sodium, magnesium, calcium, or other ions; diet; exercise; weight; type of potassium put; concomitant medicines; and you may lifetime of use. a listing of brand new conclusions of all the meta-analyses into results of potassium towards BP to date is actually given in Contour 3.
Report about meta-analyses from studies investigating the fresh blood pressure level-reducing effects of potassium. 25–28 SBP implies systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure level.
No matter if contradictory show regarding the negative effects of potassium supplementation on BP was in fact said within the scientific studies, 34, thirty five more recent trials have demonstrated efficiency in line with that of this new meta-studies of the Whelton and you may acquaintances twenty six (Desk II). Gu and you can colleagues 36 unearthed that average potassium supplementation (sixty mmol KCl) drawn having 12 months led to a decrease in systolic BP, but not diastolic BP, from inside the a beneficial Chinese inhabitants. Also, Kawano and you will colleagues 37 noted one to a great 4-day potassium supplementation several months (where 64 mmol/d out-of potassium received while the sluggish-release KCl) contributed to short but extreme decrease in office, house, and twenty four-hour BP when you look at the Japanese group. Braschi and you may acquaintances 38 further checked-out the result out-of lowest-serving potassium supplements with the BP and discovered you to definitely twenty four mmol/d away from slow-release KCl given having 6 months contributed to extreme reductions from inside the mean arterial tension and you can diastolic BP inside the compliment volunteers.
Elements by which Potassium Lowers BP
New homeostasis off salt and you will potassium performs an important role from inside the endothelium-centered vasodilatation. 39 Sodium maintenance reduces the synthesis away from nitric oxide, an enthusiastic arteriolar vasodilator elaborated by endothelial tissue, and you will increases the plasma level of asymmetric dimethyl-L-arginine, a keen endogenous inhibitor regarding nitric oxide design. 40 a nutrients high in potassium also expands when you look at the solution potassium, even for the physiologic diversity, cause endothelium-depending vasodilatation by hyperpolarizing brand new endothelial chinesische Dating-Seiten cellphone owing to arousal of sodium pump and you can beginning potassium avenues. 41 In addition, other suggested components in which potassium can be influence BP include natriuresis, modulation of baroreceptor sensitiveness, reduced vasoconstrictive awareness in order to norepinephrine and you may angiotensin II, improved solution and you will urinary kallikrein, increased salt/potassium From the Pase pastime, modification within the DNA synthesis, and you may growth for the vascular smooth muscles and you may sympathetic neurological system cells. 42, 43
Dietary Direction to have Potassium
Maintaining an adequate intake of dietary potassium (>90 mmol [3500 mg]/d) has been recommended for the primary prevention of hypertension by the JNC 7.13 The Institute of Medicine has recommended a sodium intake <65 mmol/d (3.8 g/d) and an increase in potassium to 120 mmol/d. 44 In 2006, the American Heart Association issued new guidelines suggesting an increase in potassium intake to 120 mmol/d (4.7 g/d), which is the level provided in the DASH diets in which all food is supplied. 14 The Canadian Hypertension Society recommends that the daily dietary intake of potassium should be ?60 mmol, since this intake has been associated with a reduced risk of stroke-related mortality. 45, 46 The most recent European Society of Hypertension guidelines also support an increased potassium intake based on the DASH diet. 18 In addition, the 2003 World Health Organization/International Society of Hypertension statement recommends a diet high in fruits and vegetables, a reduction of dietary sodium intake, and increased dietary potassium intake for reducing the incidence of hypertension. 16 Some sources of high-potassium, low-sodium foods are listed in Table III. 47